IDENTITY - UFO - A - Endurant
| Description | An Ontology of Endurants dealing with aspects of structural conceptual modeling. It is organized as a Four-Category ontology comprising: - Theories of Types and Taxonomic Structures (Guizzardi et al., 2004a; Guizzardi, 2012) connected to a theory of object identifiers (including a formal semantics in a Sortal Quantified Modal Logics (Guizzardi,2015)), - Part-Whole Relations (Guizzardi, 2007a, 2009, 2010a, 2011), - Particularized Intrinsic Properties, Attributes and Attribute Value Spaces (Guizzardi et al., 2004b, 2006; Guizzardi & Zamborlini, 2014) (including a theory of Datatypes as Measure Structures (Albuquerque & Guizzardi, 2013)), - Particularized Relational Properties and Relations (Guizzardi & Wagner, 2008; Costal et al., 2011; Guarino & Guizzardi, 2015) and Roles (Guizzardi, 2006; Masolo et al., 2005); |
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| Parent Mapping | UFO - Mapping |
MAPPED ENTITIES
| Framework Concept | Framework Definition | SysFEAT Concept | SysFEAT Definition |
|---|---|---|---|
 Abstract Individual |
An Abstract Individual is an Individual entity that exists outside space and time (e.g., a number, a proposition, or a symptom as an individual quality) | 
Particular Entity Element |
A Particular Entity Element is an Entity Element that is an instance of a Class of Entity Element but that is not itself a Class of Entity Element. |
| AntiRigid NonSortal |
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| AntiRigid Sortal |
An AntiRigid Sortal is a type of Sortal that applies to its instances contingently-meaning an instance can cease to be classified under this universal without ceasing to exist. Examples include roles or phases like Student, Employee, or Patient, which depend on temporary conditions and are not essential to the identity of their underlying bearer (e.g., a Person). | 
Agent State |
An Agent State is a temporal slice type of an Agent related to its lifefcyle. Examples: . The lifecycle phases of a person, such as childhood, adulthood, eldery stage. . The lifecyle phases of a hospital such as construction phase, operation and maintenance phase, renovation and expansion phase, decommissioning phase. |
| Category (Rigid NonSortal) |
A Category (Rigid NonSortal) is a Rigid NonSortal Universal that classifies individuals from multiple distinct sorts based on a shared essential characteristic, without providing a unified principle of identity. Examples include PhysicalObject or AnimateBeing, which apply necessarily to their instances (e.g., all Cats and Dogs are rigidly AnimateBeings) but cannot be used to count or trace identity, as their instances derive their identity from their underlying Kinds (e.g., Cat, Dog). | ||
| Collective |
A Collective is a composite substantial individual that is composed of other substantial individuals (its members) but possesses emergent properties, identity, and unity conditions that are not reducible to the sum of its parts. Examples include a Forest (composed of trees), a Nation (composed of citizens), or a Sports Team (composed of players), where the collective as a whole persists even if its membership changes partially over time. | 
Individual Resource Agent Configuration |
An Individual Resource Agent Configuration is a Individual Resource Agent that is combination of Individual Human Agents and Individual Artifacts. |
| Collective Type |
Resource Agent Configuration |
A Resource Agent Configuration is a Resource Agent that is combination of Human Agents and Artifacts. | |
| Concrete Individual |
Concrete Individuals are kind of Individuals that exist in spacetime, possessing both spatial and temporal dimensions, such as a physical object (e.g., a rock) or an event (e.g., a conversation), | ||
| Endurant |
Endurants are Things that are wholly present at every moment of their existence (e.g., a person, a table, an apple). |
Individual |
Individuals are Ontological Blocks which represent things that exist over space and time. Individuals are represented as light orange boxes, while there classes are represented as dark orange boxes (see the Meta-Model Legend) . Examples: . The Eiffel tower completion (31st March 1889) . The Eiffel tower (31st March 1889 - ...). . William Shakespeare birth (1592) . William Shakespeare in its Early Theatrical Career (1592-1600). . Confucius (685-758). . Confucius death (758). . Mount Vesuvius eruption (Aug. 24-25, A.D. 79). . Oackland digital hospital after its renovation (2022 - ...) . The execution of the registration process at the Oackland digital hospital, by John Smith, on 17 March 2020. References: ISO 15926 - PossibleIndividual Stanford Encyclopedia - Temporal-parts |
| Endurant Individual |
Endurant Individuals are kind of Concrete Individuals that are things that are wholly present at every moment of their existence (e.g., a person, a table, an apple). |
Bounded Individual |
Bounded Individuals are Individuals which have a life cycle, bounded by Temporal Boundings. Because of its composite nature, Bounded Individual is a sub-type of Bounded Aggregate. Bounded Individuals shall be made distinct from Class of Bounded Individual which they are instance of. Bounded Individuals are represented with light orange boxes (see the Meta-Model Legend). Examples: . The Eiffel tower (31st March 1889 - ...). . William Shakespeare in its Early Theatrical Career (1592-1600). . Confucius (685-758). . Mount Vesuvius eruption (Aug. 24-25, A.D. 79). . Oackland digital hospital after its renovation (2022 - ...) . The execution of the registration process at the Oackland digital hospital, by John Smith, on 17 March 2020. References: ISO 15926 - ArrangedIndividual OMG - KerML - Occurrence SysFEAT -Semantic.pdf W3C - OWL - Individual |
| Endurant Type |
An Endurant Type is a Type that can be instantiated by individual entities, such as Person, Car, or Red. It represents types of entities that exist in time and that can undergo changes while keeping their identity |
Class of Bounded Individual |
A Class of Bounded Individual is a Class of Individual which denotes Bounded Individuals that have a proper life cycle, bounded by Temporal Bounding Types. Class of Bounded Individual is the powertype of Bounded Individual. It means that all sub-types of Bounded Individual are instances of Class of Bounded Individual. Examples: - Car, , Application, - A Process Type (Action Process) such as the registration process used at the Oackland digital hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Counterexamples: - Project is not a Class of Bounded Individual because its instances have a spatio-temporal extent. Project is a subtype of Bounded Individual. - Capability is not a Class of Bounded Individual. It is a Property. References: ISO 15926 - ClassOfArrangedIndividual OMG - KerML - Class |
| Entity |
Entity is the topmost category of UFO, representing anything, concrete or abstract, and both types and individuals. |
Entity Element |
An Entity Element is a distinct, identifiable Element that has a proper existence (living or non living). It is accessible by some referencing mechanism and can establish elementary relationships (Relationship Element) to other Entity Elements. References: DDD - Glossary - Entity ISO 15926 - Thing OMG - KerML - Element OpenGroup - ArchiMate - Element |
| Externally Dependent Mode |
An Externally Dependent Mode is a Mode that, while still inhering in a single bearer, ontologically depends on an external relator for its existence. Examples include a legal obligation (depending on a contract) or a specific role-based skill (depending on a social position), where the mode is intrinsic to its bearer but its essence is defined by an external relational context. |
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| First Order Endurant Type |
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| First-Order Type |
First Order Class |
First Order Class is defined as the Meta-Class of all subclasses of Particular Entity Element. Each instance of First Order Class is a Class of Entity Element, each of whose instances is necessarily an Particular Entity Element. The class Particular Entity Element is an instance of First Order Class since, by definition, all of its instances are Particular Entity Element References: CycProject- Instances of_instances modeled via higher-order-classes |
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| Higher-Order Endurant Type |
Higher-Order Endurant Types refer to refer to the types sitting beyond the first-order, or not bound to a particular order (i.e., orderless), | ||
| Individual |
Individual is essentially synonymous with “particular”-that is, a concrete or abstract entity that exists as one and only one, and is not a universal. Particulars are the instances of universals. |
Particular Entity Element |
A Particular Entity Element is an Entity Element that is an instance of a Class of Entity Element but that is not itself a Class of Entity Element. |
| Intrinsic Moment |
An Intrinsic Moment is is an existentially dependent individual that inheres in a single bearer (a Substantial or another Moment) and characterizes an inherent, non-relational property of that entity. Examples include a specific weight (quality), a belief (mode), or a skill (mode), all of which cannot exist without their bearer and are not defined by external relations | ||
| Intrinsinc Moment Type |
An Intrinsinc Moment Type is a Moment Type that classifies intrinsic moments-dependent individuals that inhere in a single bearer and characterize its non-relational properties. It encompasses universals for both perceivable qualities (e.g., Color, Weight) and non-perceivable modes (e.g., Belief, Skill), defining attributes that exist independently of external relations to other entities. | 
Asset Property Type |
An Asset Property Type is a classification of Asset Propertys. |
| Kind |
A Kind is a Rigid Sortal that represents the highest-level essential category for a substantial individual, defining its fundamental nature and supplying the primary principle of identity for its instances. Kinds (e.g., Person, Animal, Organization) are taxonomically supreme-they have no rigid sortal supertypes-and their instances cannot cease to be of that kind without being destroyed. |
Whole Life Agent |
Examples: . A type of building such as a skycraper. . A type of person such as a philosopher. . A type of facility such as a Hospital.
Kind is not directly represented in SysFEAT. Rational: SysFEAT does not make the subtile difference between Kinds and SubKinds. SysFEAT is based on the 4D approach where identity of individuals is based on their spatio-temporal extend and not on their degree of substance. |
| Mixin (SemiRigid NonSortal) |
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| Mode |
A Mode is an Intrinsic Moment that is existentially dependent on a single bearer (e.g., a headache, a belief, or a skill) and is characterized by being non-directly perceivable, privative (unique to its bearer), and often mental, social, or emergent in nature. | 
Exhibited Capability |
Set of Capabilitys that an Individual Individual Operating Asset exhibits.
Mode is not directly represented in SysFEAT. Rational: In SysFEAT, functional properties (Aka Capability) do not have individual instances. They are abstract classes that classify individuals. The "bearing" relationship of UFO is a classification (instance->type) relationship in SysFEAT. |
| Mode Type |
A Mode Type (or mode universal) is the universal that categorizes modes, defining a type of non-physical property (e.g., Headache, Belief, or Skill) whose instances inhere in and depend entirely on their bearers for existence. | 
Capability |
A Capability is a functional Asset Property which refers to the ability to produce an Outcome Event. Capabilitys are fulfilled by Agents performing Processes and interacting with other Agents to produce the desired Outcome Event. References: DAU Glossary - Capability OMG - BACM - Capability OMG - UAF - Capability OpenGroup - ArchiMate - Capability OpenGroup - OAA - Capability OpenGroup - TOGAF - Definition - Capability Russell Ackoff - Choice & Communication - FunctionalClass WordNet - Capability |
| Moment |
Moments are kinds of Endurant Individuals that are existentially dependent aspects of Objects, such as Paul’s height, or John’s employment at Big Tech Inc.] |
Property |
A Property is an abstract Class of Individual, which purpose is to qualify Bounded Individuals and their classes (Class of Bounded Individual). Because instances of Property are Individual Propertys, they do not have proper instances: there are no instances of "red", but there are red Bounded Individuals. Example: - 10 degree celcius; - Ability to cook (a capability); - Red; - 12 kg; - Top Secret (TS) confidentiality. - 7/7 availability References: ISO 15926 - Property OMG - SVBR - Categorization Russell Ackoff - Choice & Communication - Property WordNet - Property |
| Moment Type |
An Moment Type is a is a Endurant Type that classifies moments-existentially dependent individuals that inhere in or are borne by other individuals (their bearers). It specializes in properties, qualities, and relational constructs that cannot exist independently, serving as the taxonomic category for all dependent aspects of entities in the ontology |
Property |
A Property is an abstract Class of Individual, which purpose is to qualify Bounded Individuals and their classes (Class of Bounded Individual). Because instances of Property are Individual Propertys, they do not have proper instances: there are no instances of "red", but there are red Bounded Individuals. Example: - 10 degree celcius; - Ability to cook (a capability); - Red; - 12 kg; - Top Secret (TS) confidentiality. - 7/7 availability References: ISO 15926 - Property OMG - SVBR - Categorization Russell Ackoff - Choice & Communication - Property WordNet - Property |
| Non Sortal |
Non Sortal is an Endurant Type that lacks a principle of identity and unity, meaning it describes how an entity is (e.g., its roles, phases, or attributes) without defining what the entity is at its core. Instances of non-sortals (e.g., Student, Patient, RedThing) are always founded on an underlying sortal (e.g., Person) and cannot be counted or traced over time without reference to that sortal, as they depend on accidental or temporary characteristics rather than essential properties. | ||
| Object |
Objects are existentially independent entities that exist in spacetime, are wholly present at every moment of their existence, and serve as bearers of properties (e.g., a person, a tree). |
Individual Physical Resource Agent |
An Individual Physical Resource Agent is any identifiable and tangible Individual Resource Agent that exists in the physical universe that can cast a shadow. It is characterized by its ability to occupy space, possess mass, and interact with other Individual Physical Resource Agents through fundamental forces. Individual Physical Resource Agents are subject to the laws of physics and can be observed, measured, and analyzed using scientific methods. References: ISO 15926 - PhysicalObject WordNet - Physical Object |
| Object Type |
Object Type is a rigid sortal universal that classifies substantial individuals (objects), providing a principle of identity, unity, and persistence for its instances. It defines what it means for an entity to be a specific type of object (e.g., Person, Car, Tree) across all possible circumstances, ensuring that instances cannot change their object type without ceasing to exist. Object types form the core taxonomic categories for independent, enduring entities in the ontology. |
Physical Resource Agent |
A Physical Resource Agent is any identifiable and tangible Resource Agent that exists in the physical universe that can cast a shadow. It is characterized by its ability to occupy space, possess mass, and interact with other Physical Resource Agents through fundamental forces. Physical Resource Agents are subject to the laws of physics and can be observed, measured, and analyzed using scientific methods. References: ISO 15926 - PhysicalObject WordNet - Physical Object |
| Perdurant |
A Perdurant is a Concrete Individual that is an event or process that unfolds over time by accumulating successive temporal parts (e.g., a conversation, a race, a thunderstorm), rather than being wholly present at any single moment. Unlike endurants (objects), perdurants are occurrents whose identity depends on their temporal extension and evolution, and they often involve participants (endurants) that are essential to their occurrence. | ||
| Perdurant Type |
A Perdurant Type is a Type that classifies Perdurants (events or processes), defining the typical pattern of temporal unfolding, participation, and internal structure (e.g., sequential phases, culmination conditions) for its instances. Examples include MarriageCeremony, FinancialTransaction, or ChemicalReaction, which specify how such dynamic entities occur, involve participants, and develop over time, distinct from static object types. | ||
| Phase |
A Phase is an AntiRigid Sortal that classifies substantial individuals during a temporal stage of their existence, where the stage is defined by intrinsic properties and ends through natural transformation. Examples include Childhood or Adulthood (phases of a Person), where an instance transitions between phases without loss of identity, as the phase is contingent and non-essential. |
Agent State |
An Agent State is a temporal slice type of an Agent related to its lifefcyle. Examples: . The lifecycle phases of a person, such as childhood, adulthood, eldery stage. . The lifecyle phases of a hospital such as construction phase, operation and maintenance phase, renovation and expansion phase, decommissioning phase. |
| Phase Mixin |
A Phase Mixin is an AntiRigid NonSortal that classifies substantial individuals during a temporal stage defined by intrinsic properties, without supplying a principle of identity. Unlike a Phase (which is a sortal), a Phase Mixin generalizes stage-specific characteristics across different kinds-for example, Juvenile could be a phase mixin applied to Kitten, Puppy, and Child, describing a non-essential, transient intrinsic state shared by multiple sorts. | ||
| Qua Individual |
A Qua Individual is an Externally Dependent Mode that depends on: 1) a base individual (the bearer), and 2) an external relational context (e.g., a relator or another entity that grounds the role being played). represents a Moment that de in a specific role or phase, created through a relator to temporarily bear properties specific to that context. For example, "John-qua-Patient" is a qua individual that depends on a treatment relator with a doctor, allowing John to be temporarily classified and tracked as a distinct patient entity with its own attributes (e.g., medical record) while the underlying person (John) remains the same. is indeed a special kind of Externally Dependent Mode. It is a moment that depends on: For example: John qua Student depends on John (the substantial) and on a Student Role instantiated in the context of an Enrollment relator. |
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| Quale |
A Quale is the value or individualized abstract manifestation of a quality instance (e.g., the specific 1.7 kg value of a weight quality, or the exact #FF0000 red hue of a color quality), existing in a structured quality space (e.g., a scale or spectrum) and serving as the immutable, spaceless anchor for comparing and measuring qualities across different entities. It represents the abstract, timeless "answer" to a measurement or observation, distinct from the concrete quality instance that inheres in a substantial individual. | ||
| Quality |
A Quality is an Intrinsic Moment that is a directly perceivable or measurable property of an individual (e.g., a specific color, weight, or temperature) that inheres in a single bearer and serves as the basis for attributing a value (via a Quale) within a structured quality space. Unlike Modes, qualities are externally observable and quantifiable, grounding the measurable characteristics of entities in the ontology. |
Individual Property |
Individual Property is the power instance of Property. All its subtypes are instances of Property such as: - 10 degree celcius; - Ability to cook (a capability); - Red; - 12 kg; - Top Secret (TS) confidentiality. - 7/7 availability
Quality is not directly represented in SysFEAT. Rational: |
| Quality Type |
Quality Types classify aspects of endurants that can be mapped to some quality space, such as a person’s height, or a car’s color; |
Measure Property Type |
A Measure Property Type is a Condition Property Type that expresses a type of measurement (Time, Mass, Cost, ..) and define the units used for measures (minutes, kg, euros, etc.). Examples: - Time to deliver in minutes. - Delivery cost in kilo Euros. Condition Property Types are described by Measure Unit: kg, Liter, Gallon, Hour, Minute. Condition Property Types are used to constrain Asset Blocks in the context of non-functional requirement analysis and Value Proposition analysis. References: ISO 15926 - ClassOfProperty Wikipeddia - List of quality attributes |
| Quantity |
A Quantity is a Substantial individual composed of multiple parts of the same nature that are fused together (e.g., a portion of water, a pile of sand, a cloud of gas), forming a collective-like entity where the parts are not functionally differentiated and the whole lacks the cohesive unity of a typical Object. Quantities are characterized by cumulative identity conditions (merging or dividing portions does not destroy them) and homeomericity (any part is of the same type as the whole). |
Individual Physical Resource Agent |
An Individual Physical Resource Agent is any identifiable and tangible Individual Resource Agent that exists in the physical universe that can cast a shadow. It is characterized by its ability to occupy space, possess mass, and interact with other Individual Physical Resource Agents through fundamental forces. Individual Physical Resource Agents are subject to the laws of physics and can be observed, measured, and analyzed using scientific methods. References: ISO 15926 - PhysicalObject WordNet - Physical Object |
| Quantity Type |
A Quantity Type is a Substantial Type that classifies Quantity individuals composed of fused, homeomeric parts of the same nature (e.g., Water, Sand, Air). It defines the identity and persistence conditions for portions of material where the whole lacks internal functional differentiation, allowing for cumulative reference (e.g., merging or dividing portions of water still yields instances of Water). Quantity Types govern how such aggregates are recognized, measured, and categorized based on their homogeneous composition. |
Physical Resource Agent |
A Physical Resource Agent is any identifiable and tangible Resource Agent that exists in the physical universe that can cast a shadow. It is characterized by its ability to occupy space, possess mass, and interact with other Physical Resource Agents through fundamental forces. Physical Resource Agents are subject to the laws of physics and can be observed, measured, and analyzed using scientific methods. References: ISO 15926 - PhysicalObject WordNet - Physical Object |
| Relator |
Relators are relational aspects of endurants that inhere in the sum of all endurants it involves, such as John’s employment at Big Tech Inc., which is the sum of aspects of John as the employee as well as aspects of Big Tech Inc. as the employer. |
Relator is not directly represented in SysFEAT. Rational: In SysFEAT, Relators are not treated as distinct ontological entities, since the framework already incorporates the concept of Aggregate Block - which serves to establish contextual relations. Within this model, relations-in-context can themselves be Bounded Individuals. For example, the concept of Marriage - often used in UFO to illustrate a Relator - is defined in WordNet as a type of Social Group. This raises a broader question: Should any social construct be modeled as a Relator? In SysFEAT, social constructs reside at a lower level of abstraction and are categorized under Human Resources, rather than being elevated to foundational relational entities. |
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| Relator Type |
A Relator Type is a Moment Type that classifies relators-complex, externally dependent moments that simultaneously inhere in multiple substantial individuals and mediate the relational properties between them. It defines the structure and essence of a specific type of relational context (e.g., Marriage, Employment, Ownership) by specifying how it binds its participants together, grounding and explaining the existence of material relations in the ontology. References: WordNet - Marriage |
Relator Type is not directly represented in SysFEAT. Rational: In SysFEAT, Relators are not treated as distinct ontological entities, since the framework already incorporates the concept of Aggregate Block - which serves to establish contextual relations. Within this model, relations-in-context can themselves be Bounded Individuals. For example, the concept of Marriage - often used in UFO to illustrate a Relator - is defined in WordNet as a type of Social Group. This raises a broader question: Should any social construct be modeled as a Relator? In SysFEAT, social constructs reside at a lower level of abstraction and are categorized under Human Resources, rather than being elevated to foundational relational entities. |
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| Rigid Sortal |
A Rigid Sortal is a type of Sortal that applies to its instances necessarily-meaning an instance cannot cease to be an instance of that universal without ceasing to exist altogether. Examples include Person, Car, or Tree, which define the essential, unchanging nature of their instances across all possible circumstances |
Whole Life Agent |
Examples: . A type of building such as a skycraper. . A type of person such as a philosopher. . A type of facility such as a Hospital.
Rigid Sortal is not directly represented in SysFEAT. Rational: SysFEAT does not make the subtile difference between Kinds and SubKinds. SysFEAT is based on the 4D approach where identity of individuals is based on their spatio-temporal extend and not on their degree of substance. |
| Role |
A Role is an AntiRigid Sortal that classifies substantial individuals based on their extrinsic, relational participation in a context, where the property is contingent and dynamically acquired/lost through interactions. Examples include Student, Employee, or Customer, which depend on relationships (e.g., enrollment, employment) and can be adopted or abandoned by the same underlying instance (e.g., a Person) without affecting its core identity. |
Agent State |
An Agent State is a temporal slice type of an Agent related to its lifefcyle. Examples: . The lifecycle phases of a person, such as childhood, adulthood, eldery stage. . The lifecyle phases of a hospital such as construction phase, operation and maintenance phase, renovation and expansion phase, decommissioning phase. |
| Role Mixin |
Role Mixin is an AntiRigid NonSortal that aggregates recurrent role properties shared across multiple role types without itself being a full role or providing identity conditions. Examples include Payee (common to Employee and Supplier roles) or LicenseHolder, which generalize extrinsic, relational characteristics but remain contingent and identity-free, allowing classification across different rigid sorts. | 
Behavior Participant |
A Behavior Participant is the participation of an Agent in a Behavior. |
| Set |
a Set (as a sub-type of Abstract Individual) is a collection of individuals that is defined by its members, exists outside spacetime, and is immutable (its membership cannot change once established). Unlike concrete entities, sets are abstract, meaning they lack spatial location, temporal duration, and causal powers, and serve as mathematical or conceptual constructs for grouping entities based on specific criteria. | ||
| Sortal |
A Sortal is a type of Endurant Type (e.g., Person, Car, Book) that supplies a unified principle of identity, counting, and persistence for its instances, answering what a thing is by defining its essence and how it remains the same entity over time despite changes. It contrasts with non-sortal universals (e.g., RedThing, Student), which describe how something is but lack intrinsic identity conditions. |
Bounded Individual |
Bounded Individuals are Individuals which have a life cycle, bounded by Temporal Boundings. Because of its composite nature, Bounded Individual is a sub-type of Bounded Aggregate. Bounded Individuals shall be made distinct from Class of Bounded Individual which they are instance of. Bounded Individuals are represented with light orange boxes (see the Meta-Model Legend). Examples: . The Eiffel tower (31st March 1889 - ...). . William Shakespeare in its Early Theatrical Career (1592-1600). . Confucius (685-758). . Mount Vesuvius eruption (Aug. 24-25, A.D. 79). . Oackland digital hospital after its renovation (2022 - ...) . The execution of the registration process at the Oackland digital hospital, by John Smith, on 17 March 2020. References: ISO 15926 - ArrangedIndividual OMG - KerML - Occurrence SysFEAT -Semantic.pdf W3C - OWL - Individual |
| SubKind |
A SubKind is a Rigid Sortal that represents a specialization of a Kind, providing a refined principle of identity while remaining essential to its instances. Examples include Man or Woman (subkinds of Person) or Amphibian (subkind of Animal), where instances cannot cease to be members of the SubKind without ceasing to exist, preserving rigidity but existing in a taxonomic hierarchy below a top-level Kind. |
Whole Life Agent |
Examples: . A type of building such as a skycraper. . A type of person such as a philosopher. . A type of facility such as a Hospital.
SubKind is not directly represented in SysFEAT. Rational: SysFEAT does not make the subtile difference between Kinds and SubKinds. SysFEAT is based on the 4D approach where identity of individuals is based on their spatio-temporal extend and not on their degree of substance. |
| Substantial |
Substantials are existentially independent entities that can exist on their own and are not merely properties or relations of something else. |
Bounded Individual |
Bounded Individuals are Individuals which have a life cycle, bounded by Temporal Boundings. Because of its composite nature, Bounded Individual is a sub-type of Bounded Aggregate. Bounded Individuals shall be made distinct from Class of Bounded Individual which they are instance of. Bounded Individuals are represented with light orange boxes (see the Meta-Model Legend). Examples: . The Eiffel tower (31st March 1889 - ...). . William Shakespeare in its Early Theatrical Career (1592-1600). . Confucius (685-758). . Mount Vesuvius eruption (Aug. 24-25, A.D. 79). . Oackland digital hospital after its renovation (2022 - ...) . The execution of the registration process at the Oackland digital hospital, by John Smith, on 17 March 2020. References: ISO 15926 - ArrangedIndividual OMG - KerML - Occurrence SysFEAT -Semantic.pdf W3C - OWL - Individual |
| Substantial Type |
A Substantial Type is a kind of Endurant Type whose instances are Substantials, i.e., existentially independent entities that can exist on their own and are not merely properties or relations of something else. Substantial Types provide the types for objects like Person, Car, or Tree, distinguishing them from Moment Types, whose instances (moments) depend on substantials to inhere in. |
Class of Bounded Individual |
A Class of Bounded Individual is a Class of Individual which denotes Bounded Individuals that have a proper life cycle, bounded by Temporal Bounding Types. Class of Bounded Individual is the powertype of Bounded Individual. It means that all sub-types of Bounded Individual are instances of Class of Bounded Individual. Examples: - Car, , Application, - A Process Type (Action Process) such as the registration process used at the Oackland digital hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Counterexamples: - Project is not a Class of Bounded Individual because its instances have a spatio-temporal extent. Project is a subtype of Bounded Individual. - Capability is not a Class of Bounded Individual. It is a Property. References: ISO 15926 - ClassOfArrangedIndividual OMG - KerML - Class |
| Type |
A Type is a general entity that can have instances (e.g., the kind Person, the property Redness). |
Class of Entity Element |
A Class of Entity Element is a Class of Element that classifies Entity Elements. Being a subtype of Entity Element, it is also an instance of itself. References: ISO 15926 - Class OMG - KerML - Type OMG - SBVR - Concept OMG - UML - Type OpenGroup - ArchiMate - Specialization-Relationship SysFEAT -Semantic.pdf W3C - OWL - Class Wikipedia - Class (knowledge representation) Wikipedia - Class (set theory) WordNet - Class |
EXTERNAL REFERENCES
| Framework reference | SysFEAT Description |
|---|---|
 WordNet - Marriage |
A Relator Type is a Moment Type that classifies relators-complex, externally dependent moments that simultaneously inhere in multiple substantial individuals and mediate the relational properties between them. It defines the structure and essence of a specific type of relational context (e.g., Marriage, Employment, Ownership) by specifying how it binds its participants together, grounding and explaining the existence of material relations in the ontology. |